Role of Tybalt and Mercutio in Romeo & Juliet - 825 Words

Role of Tybalt and Mercutio in Romeo & Juliet (Essay Sample) Content: Role of Tybalt and Mercutio in Romeo JulietName:Institution:Role of Tybalt and Mercutio in Romeo JulietTybalt and Mercutio are two minor characters in William Shakespeareà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s play Romeo and Juliet. Tybalt is a cousin to Juliet and a nephew to Lord Capulet. He is mortally stabbed by Romeo after he kills Mercutio in a street brawl, resulting in Romeo getting banished from Verona. This essay looks at how these two characters influence the play and affect the eventual tragic ending. It will also discuss what themes the characters contribute to and how they do it.Mercutio has a significant effect on the lives of both Romeo and Juliet. For instance, it is his actions that cause the death of Tybalt. Also, he is indirectly responsible for Romeo and Juliet meeting. According to Hunter Lichtenfels (2009), he is presented as an anti-romantic character who perceives love as a wholly physical pursuit. Mercutio advocates for an adversarial concept of love that is a shar p contrast to Romeoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s idealized perception of a romantic union. This advocacy is evident in one scene when Romeo likens his love for Rosaline with the image of a rose with thorns, only for Mercutio to mock this allegory with puns.Unlike Romeo, Mercutio is not of the opinion that dreams can act as omens. The dream world that he presents is predominated by fairies, with dreams being just the results of the desires and anxieties of sleeping individuals. Mercutio makes a speech in the fourth scene of the first act that highlights his vivid imagination and eloquence while at the same time displaying his cynical side. While building tension for the first meeting between Romeo and Juliet at the Capulet ball, this speech indicates that despite being Romeoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s friend, he cannot be his confidant. In the course of the play, Mercutio is not aware of the love between Romeo and Juliet, and their subsequent marriage (Hunter Lichtenfels, 2009).Despite being a minor character in R omeo and Juliet, Tybalt plays quite a significant role. While not speaking many lines, he manages to influence the playà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s course to an extent that exceeds his apparently minor role in it. According to Hager (2002), he displays his stubborn, resentful, angry nature throughout the play, inciting a fight between the Montague and Capulet families. When he challenges Romeo to a duel, Mercutio steps in; causing Tybalt to kill him apparently by accident. Romeo then kills him in retaliation, causing him to be banished.The above-mentioned incidences are all examples of how Tybalt affects the playà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s tragic nature. His death also affects Juliet and her parents, driving the tragic plot even further. In the case of Juliet, Tybaltà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s death spurs her to reconsider the love she has for Romeo. Also, her parents pressurize her into getting married to Paris, thinking that the events of her cousinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s death were to blame for her intense sadness. The nurse in the pla y parts way with Romeo as she thinks he is a disdainful person and a murderer (Hager, 2002).Mercutio is hilarious, out of control and funny. When Romeo and Juliet are compared to him, they can appear to be repetitive and whiny. While technically he is a minor character in the play, Mercutioà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s personality has such a forceful impact that he would take over as the main character if he does not die. For instance, he is heard telling Romeo that having sex is an ideal way of curing a broken heart. Thus, it does not come as a surprise that, given such an attitude towards sex and love, Mercutio is portrayed as being opposed to the idea of romance between men and women. When Romeo says he is sad that Rosaline has rejected his advances, Mercutio comforts him by telling him to get over it.Love is not the only thing that Mercutio seems to have a problem with. He is also antagonistic towards female sexuality and women in general. This is best seen when he mentions Rosalineà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s body parts in a rude and sexually explicit monologue that makes fun of Romeoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s obsession with her. His antagonism towards heteros...

Should Cigarettes And Other Tobacco Products Be Outlawed - 550 Words

Should Cigarettes And Other Tobacco Products Be Outlawed? (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Course:Tutor:Date of Submission:Should cigarettes and other tobacco products be outlawed?Cigarette smoking is a prevalent trend all around the world. It is agreeable that smoking has adverse effects on the health of a smoker as well as that of people exposed to the smoke. People smoke knowing that it is harmful, just as people engage in various other activities knowing the associated risks. Politicians and the civil society try to demonize tobacco use and it is hypocritical. Banning cigarettes and tobacco use is undemocratic, encourages intolerance and is bad for the economy. This essay opines that cigarettes and tobacco products should not be outlawed.Progressive constitutions all around the world give emphasis to on the rights and freedoms of the people. Democracy dictates that people are free to do what they want so long as it is within the confines of the law. Prohibiting cigarettes and other tobacco products is unjust given that smokers are also equal citize ns. The government should let people make their own decisions just like they allow individuals to own or use guns (Eriksen, Judith Hana 45). Imposing a ban on tobacco products means that the voice of opponents is undermined at the expense of legislators and lobby groups who are directly or indirectly funded by pharmaceutical companies (Malone Kenneth 74). Denying smokers the right to choose what they want to do is unlawful and it only creates animosity between people.Appreciating others for who they are is invaluable for a society. The government protects people who are in same sex marriages despite the morality questions raised. People have learnt to respect such unions. As such, it is hypocritical to ban the use of tobacco. Banning them only seeks to stigmatize a particular group. There has been anti-smoking slogans such as if you smoke you stink that have clearly undermined the rights and dignity of smokers (Axton 18). This is creates a bad precedent as it encourages people to feel that the government has the right to stop a particular group from doing something another group does not like (Joossens Martin 230). Tolerance is important and proponents of the idea need to engage opponents in a bid to ensure inclusivity as well as protect the economy.Banning does not guarantee the end of smoking but encourages criminals to get in the trade. The tobacco industry is huge and it employs thousands of people. In the US for instance, over 13,000 individuals worked in the industry in 2013 (Axton 34). If tobacco products are outlawed, thousands of workers would be out of their jobs and the government would lose a considerable amount of revenue. A ban would potentially result in cartels that would continue to sell tobacco products at exorbitant prizes. Marijuana is illegal but it is easily available. The government would lose revenue yet people would continue to smoke. The ban on alcohol in the US in 1920 gave rise to a clique of wealthy criminals who took over the p roduction and supply of alcohol despite the prohibition (Joossens Martin 232). Proponents need not provide a leeway for cartels to get into ...

How Far Is Globalisation a Form of Americanisation - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2176 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Sociology Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Did you like this example? How far is globalisation a form of Americanisation? Drawing on theory critically evaluate why the US has been so hostile to overseas left wing regimes since 1945? There has been a great deal of debate over the extent to which the current phase of globalisation can be defined or delimited by the process of Americanisation. Multinational corporations have adamantly maintained that their operations overseas are not vehicles of Americanisation, but are instead a form of ‘indigenisation’ through adaptation to local cultures. Some scholars have argued, however, that contemporary discourses about globalisation have fallen under the spell of a form of historical perennialism in which current trends have been extrapolated too far into the past and inaccurately conceptualised as being merely a continuation of deeper trends. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How Far Is Globalisation a Form of Americanisation" essay for you Create order â€Å"Globalisation is now used to describe everything and its opposite, from the Roman Empire to WW1, from cosmopolitan behavior to Genghis Khan’s conquests, and even the Neolithic age,† writes Daniele Conversi in his article titled The Limits of Cultural Globalisation? (Conversi 2010, p. 36). Central to this misconception is a confusion between globalisation as an ideology, usually expressed as a form of cosmopolitanism, and globalisation in practice. Whether the current phase of globalisation is the latest chapter in a millennia-long saga of societal integration, or is in fact something completely different, it is difficult to dispute that it has taken on a distinctly American character since the end of World War 2. On a superficial level, the Americanisation of the world seems obvious and intuitive. English is now spoken with at least partial competence by over half of the world’s population and has become the de facto lingua franca facilitating comm unication between people from remote locations. Not only is English the dominant language on the internet, but more than a third of the world’s mail, telexes, and cables are in English, and approximately 40% of the world’s radio programs are in English (Swain 2011). Of the top ten global brands, seven are based in the United States with Coca-Cola occupying the top spot, leading many to perceive it as a symbol of Americanisation. The fact that the McDonald’s fast food franchise has disseminated to all corners of the globe has made possible the somewhat tongue-in-cheek use of the â€Å"Big Mac Index,† now regularly published by The Economist as an informal way of comparing the purchasing power of any two currencies (Hoefert and Hofer 2006). As we will see, the forces of cultural homogenisation flowing from the United States go far beyond language, hamburgers, and soda. The modern era of globalisation can be demarcated by the Bretton Woods agreement in 1944 (Korten 2001), which set the basis for the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, establishing, in the IMF’s own words, a system of â€Å"global surveillance activities (IMF 2007).† During the early years of the Cold War, the Marshall Plan facilitated the transfer of American industrial management models to Western Europe (Kipping and Bjarnar 1998). The methods employed to help Western Europe recover from the ravages of war would later be applied to under-developed countries, first as a means of deterring the spread of communism, and later as a project of global trade liberalisation. In the words of Dutch-American sociologist Saskia Sassen, The most widely recognised instance of Americanisation is seen†¦in the profound influence U.S. popular culture exerts on global culture. But it has also become very clear in the legal forms ascendant in international business transactions. Through the IMF and the International Bank for Reconstruc tion and Development (IBRD), as well as the GATT, the U.S. vision has spread to—some would say been imposed on—the developing world (Sassen 1996, p.20). While Presidents Nixon, Ford and Carter all played a role in advancing the neoliberal agenda, it wasn’t until Reagan that the doctrines of privatisation and deregulation took on the ideological character espoused by many conservative thinkers today (Conversi 2010). What came to be known as ‘Reaganomics’ was advanced during the 1980s when structural adjustment loans (SALs) were leveraged to â€Å"blast open† and â€Å"discipline† the Third World (Bello 1999, p. 27). While the advent of Reaganomics had a considerable impact on economics and finance abroad, Conversi contends that its effects on cultural practices may have been even more extensive. â€Å"In Reagan’s years, the robust nexus between politics, economics, military and the expansion of mass consumerism was amplified through the media industry,† he writes (Conversi 2010, p. 39). A constant condition that the IMF and World Bank attached to their developmental support packages was the total overhaul of local cultural productions, formerly tied to regional and national markets or subject to state regulation such that they would be left to the mercy of corporate expansion. In the cultural arena, the removal of trade barriers has led to the unfettered preponderance of American items of mass consumption and to the virtual erasure of millions of local cultural producers, an event that has been presented as an ineluctable step on the road to further development. This has led not to the kind of globalisation envisioned by cosmopolitan theorists, but rather to the assertion of a cultural hyper-power (Conversi 2010, p. 41). Hollywood’s embrace of the global marketplace led to the collapse of native film industries in both Europe and Asia, which were displaced by an invasio n of American cultural products via mass distribution agencies (Conversi 2010). The content of Hollywood movies can have subtle yet profound effects on the culture and institutions of foreign countries. One Chinese activist described in detail how the portrayal of the inner workings of the United States government and judicial system in American popular culture has convinced many Chinese citizens of the merits of American-style democracy (Nye 2004). The bombardment of US cultural exports has been a primary motivation for the Chinese governments increasingly draconian information policies. American cultural imperialism has been met with varying levels of resistance. In recent years, the cultural policies of governments abroad have come to encompass protectionist measures that Harvey Feigenbaum has described as being â€Å"cultural counterattacks† against the homogenising effects of neoliberal globalisation. These protectionist policies typically involve intentionally l imiting the availability of American broadcast programming through the use of sophisticated quota systems: The French, for instance, require that 60 percent of the prime-time television shows be European productions and that 40 percent be French. Canadians require their television networks to broadcast significant content, and the South Koreans will tolerate large numbers of television shows from abroad only if they have scientific or educational content (Feigenbaum 2002). As a counter-weight to the U.S. championing of neoliberalism, France has been attempting to pull Europe in a different direction. Cultural exception is a political concept introduced by the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1993 and refers to the belief that cultural products should be exceptions to the trade agreements codified by the World Trade Organization (WTO). The United States and various industries and lobbies have predictably lambasted cultural exception as being protectionist, culturally chauvinist, deleterious to global free trade, and that it makes it easier for oppressive governments to suppress minority voices. Despite these objections, however, cultural exception was upheld by UNESCO in 2005 with only two countries (the U.S. and Israel) out of two hundred voting against it. Much to the dismay of narrow-minded theocracies such as Iran, and oppressive regimes such as the Chinese government, the effectiveness of these protectionist policies are limited by new decentralising audiovisual technologies such as satellite and digital on-demand television. China has responded to the threat of new media with the infamous Gold Shield Project and increasingly severe penalties for breeches of its digital information policies. Most media industries, however, have at least partially acquiesced to the cultural hegemony of Hollywood and the United States (Feigenbaum 2002). If we accept the premise that global trade liberalisation has been a central tenet o f U.S. foreign policy since 1945, the reasons for U.S. hostility toward left-wing regimes abroad becomes obvious. Left-wing leaders typically promote socialist and populist policies such as protectionism, nationalisation of industries and the socialisation of services, all of which are anathema global free trade. Virtually every left-wing government since World War 2, almost all of them democratically elected, has faced at least some degree of opposition from the U.S. Government ranging from trade sanctions to overthrow and the instigations of coup d’à ©tats. The following examples of covert foreign regime change actions illustrate the lengths that Western politicians have been willing to go in order to protect private property and ensure free trade across the globe. In the 1953 Iranian coup d’à ©tat, the CIA collaborated with the United Kingdom depose the democratically elected Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh who was attempting to nationalise Iran’ s petroleum industry, which threatened the profits of British Petroleum (BP) (New York Times 2000). During the Guatemalan Revolution of 1944-54, the CIA engineered the overthrow of the democratically elected Jacobo à rbenz whose ambitious agrarian reforms designed to grant land to millions of landless peasants were seen as a threat to the land holdings of the United Fruit Company. After the CIA installed a puppet regime led by the military dictator Carlos Castillo Armas, the country entered a civil war lasting decades in which over 200,000 people were killed (Streeter 2000). Probably the most famous example of a democratically elected leftist leader who was ousted by the U.S. is Chile’s Salvador Allende who adopted collectivist policies that nationalised industry before being deposed, killed, and replaced by the far more repressive Augusto Pinochet. A more recent example, though not himself deposed by U.S. machinations, was the Venezuelan leader Hugo Chavez whose adm inistration proposed and enacted democratic socialist economic policies involving redistribution of wealth, land reforms, and the establishment of worker-owned cooperatives. Despite all of this, it remains fashionable in both scholarly and popular discourses to maintain that globalisation and Americanisation are wholly distinct phenomena. As mentioned earlier, representatives of large multinationals such as McDonald’s often attempt to portray their relationships with local cultures as bi-directional and reflexive rather than hegemonic, pointing to such practices as incorporating elements of indigenous cuisine into fast-food menus (Conversi 2010). Another somewhat inane example is the choice made by McDonald’s to replace Ronald McDonald with Asterix the Gaul as their official mascot for French markets. Globalisation apologists often employ the terms ‘glocalism’ and ‘glocalisation’ in an attempt to describe these ‘interculturalâ⠂¬â„¢ encounters as being largely symmetric and egalitarian and to characterise globalisation as being compatible with the maintenance of local cultures. What we typically see, however, are local businesses being forced to Americanise their appearance and practices by market pressures (Conversi 2010). One prominent example is ‘Bollywood’, which despite being heralded as an affirmation of Indian national identity, produces cultural content that merely imitates American cultural forms (Rao 2007). A case can be made that such indigenised forms of ‘Americana’ are potentially even more devastating to cultural diversity than more candid forms of imperialism because they can more easily don the disguise of national indigenousness (Conversi 2010). We can conclude that while superficial efforts have been made on the part of multinational corporations to adapt their products to indigenous cultures, such efforts are motivated by market forces rather than by a ny concern for cultural diversity and tend only to exacerbate trends toward cultural homogenisation. While optimists taking the long view may interpret American cultural hegemony as a necessary evil required to lay the groundwork for a truly cosmopolitan global society at some point in the future, it simply does not make sense to posit neoliberal globalisation as being continuous with earlier globalising trends. The period from 1945 to the present coincides with the ascendency of a global order taking a very particular form and encompassing the widespread enforcement of trade liberalisation, privitisation, deregulation, and an antipathy toward left wing regimes. Whether Americanisation will become a permanent fixture of our transition to a truly planetary society remains to be seen. References Bello, W. F., 1999. Dark Victory: The United States, Structural Adjustment, and Global Poverty. London: Pluto. Conversi, D., 2010. â€Å"The Limits of Cultural Globalisation.† Journal of Critical Globalisation Studies, Issue 3 (2010), pp. 36-59. Feigenbaum, Harvey B, 2002. â€Å"Globaloney: Economic Versus Cultural Convergence Under Conditions of Globalization.† The Journal of Arts Management, Law, and Society 31 (4): 255–64. Hoefert, Andreas; Hofer, Simone. Prices and Earnings: A Comparison of Purchasing Power Around the Globe. 2006 Edition. UBS AG, Wealth Management Research. IMF (International Monetary Fund)., 2007. World Economic Outlook. Globalization and Inequality. World Economic and Financial Surveys. Washington, D.C. Kipping, M Bjarnar, O., 1998. The Americanisation of European Business: The Marshall Plan and the Transfer of US Management Models. London: Routledge. Korten, D, 2001. When Corporations Rule the World. San Francisco, California: Berrett-Koehler Publishers/ Kumarian Press. New York Times, 2000. Special Report: Secret History of the CIA in Iran. Nye, Joseph S, 2004. Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. Cambridge: Perseus Books. Rao, S., 2007. â€Å"The Globalization of Bollywood: An Ethnography of Non-Elite Audiences in India.† The Communication Review, 10(1), pp. 57-76. Sassen, Saskia., 1996. Losing Control? Sovereignty in an Age of Globalization. New York: Columbia University Press. Streeter, Stephen M., 2000. Managing the Counterrevolution: The United States and Guatemala, 1954–1961. Ohio University Press. Swain, Smarak, 2011. Social Issues of India. New Delhi: New Vishal Publications.

Thomas More and Niccolo Machiavelli on Human Nature Free Essay Example, 1750 words

Human Nature and Ideal Community according to Machiavelli. Niccolo Machiavelli also states that the nature of the people is variable, and whilst it is easy to persuade them, it is difficult to fix them in that persuasion . that is, people are unstable and tend to alter their behavior, points of view and other things based on the reasons of their own profit. As it has already been mentioned, human nature, and this concerns primarily the governor to whom the thinker s advice is addressed, and such features as greed and need for power may justify crimes and breach of the rights of the others if it is necessary for satisfaction of the state need. So far as the ideal community is concerned, Niccolo Machiavelli states that, even though many of the mightiest powers were defeated and survived the period of decay, it is quite possible to try to establish a state and a community which would be easily reigned and which could be referred to as an ideal one. It is necessary to stress that Mach iavelli pays much attention to the person of the prince and to his role in establishing any society and state, including the ideal one. We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas More and Niccolo Machiavelli on Human Nature or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Even though the fact that the state governors must be strong and wise cannot be denied, it is obvious that it is impossible to rule a state solely, that is, the governor shall have support from the bodies of the state power. At that, Machiavelli also states that the republic form of government and the citizens being completely free is beneficial to the extent that it helps the states last longer. It is, therefore, possible to conclude that, according to Machiavelli, an ideal state shall have republic form of government, it shall not oppress its citizens and guarantee its freedoms, and it shall have wise and strong politicians to rule it. In reality, on the contrary, it happens that the state either has no strong politicians with the mentioned features or the state itself is unable to successfully adopt a necessary direction of its development.

Definition Of Nursing And Professional Value Essay

Definition of Nursing Nursing is a profession where nurses obtain and maintain professional certification if available in the area of expertise (American Nurses Association (ANA) Nursing, 2010, P-132). They work as leader as matter of protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities. The nurse maintain compassionate and caring relationship with person and colleagous( ANA, Nursing, 2010). The purpose of this paper is to define the personal definition of nursing and professional value of this concept. This paper is also defined the term of nurse, patient, health and environment, and how these terms are important for nursing. This will also inform the reader of author that explores the personal and professional value of the nursing and how this values are related to the Regis Mission. Definition of Terms Health: An experiences that is often expressed in terms of wellness and illness, and may occur in the presence of absence of disease or injry. (Scope Standards Of Practice, 2010, P-145). Nursing expertise is an important in health in order to provide best quality of care to promote the healhy life. Health is an important in order to live healthy life style. Patient: According to the Medicine net â€Å"an individual who is receiving needed professional services that are directed by a licensed practitioner of the healing arts towards maintenances, improvement or protection of health or lessening of illness, disability or pain (Patient, Medicine Net). NursingShow MoreRelatedThe Foundation And Provision Of Nursing1316 Words   |  6 Pagesfoundation and provision of nursing care is guided by key values of nursing and definitions of nursing. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing [AACN] (2008) highlights five values that represent the core of nursing practice. These values include altruism, autonomy, human dignity, integrity, and social justice. This essay will focus on my top three values of altruism, human dignity, and autonomy, how these values are currently represented in my life, and how these values led to my own unique philosophyRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Azure College A Nursing Institution1159 Words   |  5 PagesConcept Usage in a Professional Practice Model Nursing career is one of the most respectful professions not only in the United States but also around the world. The remarkable aspect that makes nursing in such position is the evolution of the nursing theorists, the nursing theories, and the nursing philosophy. Among of these three, the nursing philosophy is the one that really identifies the nursing mission, and the fundamental evidence-based practice of nursing. In this case, many health organizationsRead MoreNursing : A Fine Profession Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesNursing; A Fine Profession Complex structures, such as skyscrapers, contain many flights of stairs with lower levels providing important foundations for sequential floors, but at the same time including a vast profession of their own. Each individual level demonstrates just as much importance as the next—without the first or needless to say the tenth floor, the twenty-second floor would not exist. Similarly, the nursing profession embraces a strong code of ethics, professional conduct, and a commitmentRead MoreThe Nature Of Human Values948 Words   |  4 PagesMerriam-Webster dictionary, the full definition of belief is â€Å"a state or habit of mind in which trust or confidence is placed in some person or thing†. Synonyms of belief are faith, credence, credit, and opinion (Belief, n.d.). Definitions are used to express our beliefs, but there are not necessarily the same beliefs for everybody, that is why one word could have more than one definition. For example, Rokeach, a polish-American socia l psychology, in his book The Nature of Human Values (1973), identified threeRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1676 Words   |  7 PagesFor the purpose of the paper, famous philosophies and a personal nursing philosophy is presented, including the personal definitions of the four phenomena of nursing namely person, environment, health, and nursing. The said philosophy will then be compared to other professionally-acclaimed philosophies. Included in the discussion is the importance of a nurse’s role in providing health care to persons, family, and the society and how it is able to address problems in the face of cultural and spiritualRead MoreNursing Theory in Professional Practice1287 Words   |  6 PagesNursing Theory in Professional Practice Nursing Theory in Professional Practice Nursing is the art and science of caring for individuals with potential or actual health problems. Nursing is the art of providing quality, compassionate care while evaluating the patients’ biopsychosocial and spiritual needs. Nursing as a science evaluates the patients’ health and response to disease. Nurses assist individuals and groups to maintain or attain optimal health. They implement care to accomplishRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1260 Words   |  6 Pages Philosophy of Nursing As a professional nurse, my personal philosophy of nursing is based on the core belief that all individuals possess unique characteristics and needs. Each person is the product of their own personal growth through learning and experience, resulting in individual and unique cultural, spiritual and developmental dimensions. Nursing is a dynamic, helping, healing and caring process. It employs the unique application of knowledge andRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Innovation1290 Words   |  6 PagesNursing Innovation and Leadership: A Personal Philosophy To embrace the person that you are, in a time and place where everyone seems to be telling you that you should be everything but the person that you are, is a daunting but worthwhile challenge. I believe that it is in the acceptance of our true selves, imperfections and all, that we gain the ability to view others through a lens colored with compassion and acceptance. It is then that we can become a leader who is self-aware and emotionallyRead MoreThe Importance Of Acting Ethically When Working As A Nurse1318 Words   |  6 PagesThe importance of acting ethically when working as a nurse. Introduction: Ethics is an essential aspect of health care practice and those working in the nursing profession are often subject to frequent ethical dilemmas. It is essential for all nurses to be aware of the importance of ethics in health care and to practice within the ethico-legal parameters that govern the profession. However, while this is relatively easy in theory, ethics is not a black and white subject and often one’s culture,Read MoreNursing Is An Ever Changing Field1238 Words   |  5 PagesThere is no doubt that nursing is an ever changing field. Although nursing always has been about caring for others, at the present time, this field is more sophisticated and respected than in the past. Currently, there are standards of nursing practice and professional performance developed by the American Nurses Association (ANA) for American nurses to follow. However, there is some controversy about whether nursing is a profession or not. Also, in order to learn these standards as well as other

Magwitch Character Analysis - 1683 Words

Crouching in the damp, soft grass, a boy was hunched over a gravestone. He was gazing intently at the words inscribed on a particular stone which looked weathered but not enough so that it was unreadable. Several others just like it lay in a row nearby with just enough space for a small body to be buried there. There looked to be about five more small tombstones, but with the heavy fog surrounding the marshy area it was hard to tell where anything truly was. The headstone the boy sat in front of however was large enough to fit an adult man. The boy’s fingers traced the letters that had been imprinted on the dark stone some time ago. The concentration he held was uncommon for a boy of that age. Whispering could be heard coming from his†¦show more content†¦He no longer is the man that â€Å"took up, took up, took up to that extent that [he] reglarly growd up took up† (Dickens 5119), but instead, Magwitch proves he is â€Å"honest, loving and caring† (Weidler). Before he completely changes, Magwitch began to make a fortune for himself after he was released from prison and made his way back to England. While he did acquire a great sum it was hard for him to be respected in societys eyes. In this time, it was extremely difficult for a convict to become a reputable person in the world (Morrison). Because of this, â€Å"Magwitch attempts to make Pip a gentleman because he knows that he can never attain that position himself.† (Morrison) Pip is able to rise in social class from his previous ly desolate lifestyle as an apprentice to a blacksmith. The basis of Magwitch’s character simply relies upon his outlook on life. If he had resigned to his life of crime, he may have become like an average criminal, but Magwitch remained hopeful that he could change and that was all that truly mattered in his case. While he may have started off as a respectable man from a poor family, situations in his life made him look for something that his old life could not provide for him. Because the two men shared similar lifestyles, Charles Dickens already had an idea of an origin for Magwitch’s character. Both men were exposed to theShow MoreRelatedMagwitch Character Analysis1174 Words   |  5 Pagesdeserving of the action of one’s self. An example of this would be, Magwitch’s claim that he didnt drown Compeyson and that Compeyson drowned on his own. This shows how poetic justice gave compeyson an experience deservableable for his actions to Magwitch. Appearances of poetic justice happens many times in this book, such as when Pumblechook gets robbed. In many ways, Joe receives this on multiple occasions, and he deserved them. Instances of this sort of justice happens to be gifted to Joe in hisRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Abel Magwitch In Great Expectations878 Words   |  4 PagesAbel Magwitch is a critical character from Great Expectations. He starts off as a frightening escaped convict, but as the novel goes on, it is revealed that he is Pip’s benefactor- causing Pip’s whole world to change. The ideal actor for the role of Magwitch is Ian Mckellen. Mckellen would be great in this film because he has experience playing characters that show great emotions. He can play someone violent and dangerous as well as someone caring and emotional. One film series, starring MckellenRead MorePip’s Character Change in Charles Dickens Great Expectations1173 Words   |  5 PagesPip’s Character Change in Charles Dickens Great Expectations Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens is a compelling story rich in friendship, love and fortune. The main character, Pip, is a dynamic character that undergoes many changes through the course of the book and throughout this analysis, the character Pip, will be identified and his gradual change through the story will be quoted and explained. The main character, Pip, is a gentle character. His traits include Read MoreGreat Expectations1707 Words   |  7 Pagesunderlining theme of human nature is evident in Great Expectation by Charles Dickens use of his characters. A main characteristic that Dickens displays is friendship. The friendship between Pip and Herbert is strong. Herbert was significant to Pip’s growth in social class and eventual to his revelation. â€Å"Friendship was one of the human characteristics Dickens enjoyed†¦by associating fellowship with good characters and deeds, he made it known that he admires friendship.† (MacAndrew 168) Herbert aided PipRead MoreEssay Summary and Analysis of Dickens Great Expectations548 Words   |  3 PagesGreat Expectations is a comprehensive novel written by Charles Dickens and shows a moral development of a child. Pip, the main character in the story, is a young orphaned child that lives with his sister and her husband, Joe. He is raised and spends his childhood in the area with Joe, his acquaintance. On a special day, Uncle Pumblechook takes Pip to go play at Miss Havisham’s house. Miss Havisham is very eccentric as she keeps all the clocks in her house kept at the sa me time and still wears herRead MoreEssay on Great Expectations Theme Analysis1256 Words   |  6 Pagesproperly understood, a thoughtful analysis of its major themes must be given. Socio-Economic Status and Hierarchy The ones who seem to be most affected by society’s beliefs about class and social order are Pip, his family, and his friends, who would definitely fall under the â€Å"lower† part of the socio-economic ladder. Throughout the novel, the â€Å"lower† characters have a heightened and even a bit unhealthy obsession with class status. This is first seen when the character Miss Havisham is introduced; UncleRead MoreDickens Creation of Sympathy for His Characters in Great Expectations2048 Words   |  9 PagesDickens Creation of Sympathy for His Characters in Great Expectations Charles Dickens was born on February 7th 1812, the son of John and Elizabeth Dickens. John Dickens was a clerk in the naval pay office. He had a poor head for finances and in 1824 found himself imprisoned for debt. His wife and children (with the exception of Charles) were, as was normal, imprisoned with him. Charles was put to work at Warrens Blacking Factory, where conditions were terrible. When his Read MoreUnderstanding the Plot of Great Expectations by Charles Dickens2205 Words   |  9 Pagesare related, structured, and how they depict change in the major characters. The majority of plots will follow some process of change in which the main characters are caught up in a conflict that is eventually resolved. The plot of a novel can be broken down in five parts: exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution (Wikipedia). The exposition usually occurs at the start of the story. Here is when the characters are first introduced and were we also learn about the setting ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Charles Dickens Great Expectations3684 Words   |  15 PagesOlivia Smith Mr. Oravec AP Literature and Composition 27 January 2014 Analysis Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations â€Å"And as to the condition on which you hold your advancement in life—namely, that you are not to inquire or discuss to whom you owe it—you may be very sure that it will never be encroached upon, or even approached by me, or by any one belonging to me.† (Dickens, 177). This excerpt foretells the main theme of the novel, Pip’s journey of self-improvement. The main theme of the novelRead Morefeatures of Victorian novel750 Words   |  3 Pagesomniscient: he operates a marked division between good and evil characters, he judges people and actions, he makes its stories finish with a wise distribution of â€Å"punishment† for the evil characters, â€Å"retribution† for the good ones. The plot of the novels was generally very long and complicated by many sub-plots: the writer also wanted to give a marked impression of reality so that he presented not only the adventures of the main characters, but also those of the secondary ones. Victorian novel

Exploratory Analysis of Child Protection Mediation Permanency Placemen

Questions: LO 1. Understand perceptions of health, disability, illness and behaviour 1.1 Analyse concepts of disability, illness and behaviour in relation to Health and social care service users. 1.2 Assess how perceptions of specific needs have changed over time. 1.3 Analyse the impact of legislation, social policy, society and culture on the ways that services are made available for individuals with Specific needs. As a Health and Social Care practitioner, your responsibilities include, among others, assessing specific needs of people with disabilities, analyzing their care needs and also, evaluating strategies for giving support to people with challenging behaviours. Taking into consideration the on-going developments in Health and Social Care Policy, changes in perceptions of specific needs over time and the attached case study entitled Baby P Case study: Description of problem to be solved Use the assessment requirements shown against the Learning Outcomes 2, 3 and 4 in the table below to do the tasks for Part2 of your assessment. For further reading materials and learning resources, seeStopline LO 2. Understand how health and social care services and systems support individuals with specific needs 2.1 Analyse the care needs of individuals with specific needs. 2.2 Explain current systems for supporting individuals with specific needs. 2.3 Evaluate the services available in a chosen locality for individuals with specific needs LO 3. Understand approaches and intervention strategies that support individuals with specific needs 3.1 Explain the approaches and interventions available to support individuals with specific needs. 3.2 Evaluate the effectiveness of intervention strategies for an individual with specific need(s). 3.3 Discuss the potential impact of emerging developments on support for individuals with specific needs. LO4. Understand strategies for coping with challenging behaviours associated with specific needs. 4.1 Explain different concepts of challenging behaviour. 4.2 Describe the potential impact of challenging behavior on health and social care organizations. 4.3 Analyse strategies for working with challenging behaviours.? Answer: Introduction In present day social and healthcare sector, a clear understanding of about the care for specific needs of the people should be there in health and social care practitioner, and also they should be fully capable of to deliver the care needed. Specific needs changes according to the individuals need or according to the problems faced by the individuals in their daily life, where some face mental disability, some face physical disability and some face physical abuse. This essay will help to understand the specific needs for the individual like baby Peter. 1.1 Concepts of disability, illness and behaviour about Health disability: It denotes the condition of health and unimpaired physical status that bars a person to lead a simple life and get the exact education, profession and recreation. It also restricts them from playing the daily activities. Illness: It denotes to some particular disorders or disabilities that make the individual physically impaired for a short period or a long period. Such people get dependent on some other people and do not able to process the quality life. Behavioural problems: It refers the significant modification in the behaviour of the individual. This often leads a person to significant mental depression an illness. Such persons became quite and withdrawn and sometimes gets very much aggressive as well as look unkempt (Beder, Postiglione and Strolin-Goltzman, 2012). Disability can be been in case of vision problem, hearing problem, memory, like; if vision problem is there in an individual the respective one could feel irritating when he or she cannot see a thing properly as well as in case of hearing and memory problem. Unimpaired body structure and function, limitations in human activity and physical or mental restriction in participation to any work are defined as disability of human as per ICHFD. Social disability is caused by the way the world rather than by an individuals difference. In case of medical field the condition of disability may be of various pharmacological issues like psychological and physical. These were the most common observation that I came to know from the interview with the family member. This information is valuable for the health and social care practitioner to understand the specific needs of an individual. 1.2 Perceptions of specific needs have changed over time Specific need is generally required for the people having the learning disorder from the social care practitioners end. Those individuals who have learning disability appear to be a heterogeneous crowd in relation to associated problem, age and disability degree. Previously there were some big hospitals for the purpose to deliver give specific care. But the standard of the care provided degraded day by day for the huge amount of people with the needed care and the hospitals got closed. Such situations now perhaps gone as per the social care organizations head as the case come to light, improvements are there in agencies of child protection. Also, they got many lesions from the case. According to the case, Children services at Haringey 620 children has been taken into care, 18 months ago which was 460. Specialist work communities, who are working for the individuals with specific need has been taken those professional staffs to work in better process. 1.3 Impact of legislation and culture as well as society and social policy Health Act: Three flexible powers are there for there for the provider of social and healthcare service. Those are to pool the budget of the service provider, creation of integration of social and healthcare service provider and leading commission arrangements development (Husain, 2013). Equality act: Care trust: Ten organizations are there which are considered as the most similar model for a compact merger of health and social care in England. Trust of children: childrens trust comparably a virtual thing from the adult care trust. It describes on assessing the general framework for children, working and sharing information with youth and children. Budget for personal health: This thing is mainly for the adults personal care. Cash can be received from this policy in or to the services taken by the individual from the social and health care practitioner. A well mannered facility can be taken from the social care provider by the poor people. These kinds if initiatives are forwarding the social and healthcare services to a new level to give more valuable services from the service providers. Government is also taking serious concern on this to come up with new better policies in near future. Children and family Bill 2013: Among the formalised key recommendation in this bill, it states that vulnerable child and family must get protection in the family justice process. Also, a childs needs come first in the process of court hearings when it matters to a child. Such kinds of measures are taking the health and social care services to a new level. New policies are implemented and also modifications of old policies are done by the government. A major role has been played by the society on an individual for the betterment of the behavioural changes. The cultural issues include the inequity among the races. The inequity between colour, creed or caste makes an adult vulnerable and may be the premium reason behind the abuse (Fox, 2011). 2.1. Care needed for individuals As study states that Peters general physician found bruised head and chest but not raised any concern; also nothing serious issue was there from the end of social workers and managers of them, and the evidence of poor parenting, suggested care for the individual with special needs as follows (Jones, LaLiberte and Piescher, 2015). Felt need: As a child goes through the phases of transformation from infant to toddler to preschooler, the needs and requirements get more and more in number and fulfilment of that needed. A child with special need also has a requirement like a normal kid. They need a place where they can find the physical comfort as well as security and love. Expressed need: Children with poor parenting need care towards his or her health issue from the social care service by working in particular way, like protecting the child from sexual exploitation. Routine assessments of health form the concerned general physician. Social workers should review of the risk to the life of the baby from his home continuously. Assessment of mental condition and affection of the parent or legal guardians in home towards the baby is also important (Beeby, 2014). Evaluation of living quality in home and the status of other siblings if available should be done. Finding personal background or life history of parents is also helpful. Comparative need: Best cares may be provided through the improvement of the surrounding environment of the individual and eliminating the risk factors for which can an individual to be a vulnerable subject (Coren et al. 2012). Seeking history about the children and the parents are one of the ways to find the care needed for the individual. Betterment on the parenting is the best solution. Extra support from the social care providers end towards the subject should be good for the care of the child (Damashek, Nelson and Bonner, 2013). 2.2 Available current support towards the individuals with special needs Among the formalised key recommendation in this bill, it states that vulnerable child and family must get protection in the family justice process. Also, a childs needs come first in the process of court hearings when it matters to a child, as per the children and family bill 2013. Community engagement: The chief responsibility for appealing and consulting with the neighbouring communities on the health and health care needs is the liability of major trust care commissioner. Local authorities, voluntary organizations and agencies are expected to work together with commissioners in strategic collaboration for betterment of service. Protection from possible harm: Local Authority for the well-being of the child may ask for a separate accommodation according to the law and keep the child to a safe distance from the possible harm. Social service practitioner also asks for custody of a child if found any risk towards the childs health (Osborn, 2014). The registrar for documentation of issues: Governments use to keep a record book, where the issues associated with the problems are being registered for the purpose of future reference. After having an issue with a childs well-being, it can give the information that if such or any other type of issues wares there in term of that particular child (Rigby, 2012). Available measures are there from the governments end as well as various social care service organizations are there to give support to those individuals. Social workers and managers can assess the risk factors towards those vulnerable subjects like baby Peter. He is a vulnerable subject, as unable to judge the well-being of own for immaturity and also for the insufficient self-defence (Fairbrother, 2012). Childrens ministry is there by the government to watch and giving prevention to any mishap towards the childs health and well-being. Day by revised day approaches can give greater transparency on child protection. Support from the social services practitioner according to the child protection register can be done in following manner (Slettebo, 2011). 2.3 Available service in Haringey, north London Many organizations including government and non-government are there for the well-being and safeguard of a child. NHS centre: People got quick access from them. Every favourable location almost got a centre as over sixty centres are there in all over England. Haringey local safeguard children board: Protection of a child is the main concern of this organization. They have their contact number open for 24 hours for reporting about any negligence or abuse towards any child. As per their record, they have taken care of 620 babies, who have faced some issues with their wellbeing. Beside this, there are several non-governmental, non-profit organizations who offer a healthy environment for the children who are unable to live a healthy life as well as facing difficulty in the case of health and illness (Magnuson, Patten and Looysen, 2011). Science 1869 General physicians are also there who can get a direct contact after any mishap happened to the child and can relate that with any abuse may contact to the services (van Bijleveld, Dedding and Bunders-Aelen, 2013). A ministry for children is there to watch the wellbeing of all children and taking constitutional measurements if required for any child, who has already faced some incident in opposite of him/her. The cases are being record in the government registrar and analysed further by the government body. 3.1 Approach and Intervention towards the individuals Several acts are there by the government to solve such problems that are more often used by the other organizations to keep safe those individuals from harm or abuse. Self help: This emphasizes about the self approach on the way to creativeness of the situation. Advocacy: It encompasses a total variety of technique and approaches used to renovate practices and policies that function as barriers to the advancement and discrimination beside disabled. Treatment: Psychologist, speech therapist, doctors/surgeons, community mental health teams are there for the individuals with specific need. The mental illness or disorder can be supported by psychologist and doctor and surgeons can give the solution for the physical disability. Care order: Child Act 1989, section 31 applied when a review in child protection refers to take a child into care until the age of 18 years but with certain allowance to contact with parents for valid reasons. Arrangement of voluntary accommodation: Children Act 1989; Section 20 gives the authority to give voluntary accommodation with their parents concern. Here local authority does not get the parental authorization but acts as a parent for the period. Action to deal with physical assault or abuse should be proactive, intervention and early identification, focusing on prevention, as well as in prosecuting perpetrators. Safeguard of potential future casualty, management of the important cases and their interventions are required. Evidence-based practice for the social worker makes the approach strong (Plkki et al. 2012). Sometimes social support to the family member in case of rude behaviour towards the children can be minimized by the counselling of the parents to improve their behaviour and lifestyle (Kulnik and Nikoletou, 2014). Awareness among people about the ways to safeguard children from any sexual abuse, emotional cruelty or the victim of parents violence or negligence should get an increase. As like in baby Peter case the general physician can intimate any of the social care services about the injuries faced by Peter in a short period. Brief information collection by the individual assigned for social care service could ev aluate the seriousness of the situation and assay the risk of the child (Werner, 2012). 3.2 Intervention strategies and their effectiveness for individuals Benefit of medical care: psychological disorder or disability can be treated or managed through the treatment from the psychiatrist. Those who are already addicted in drug or alcohol can be taken care through the medical intervention. Physical disability is also managed by the medical practitioner. Taking care of children and his or her total authority by a local child safeguard agency has the most effective outcome in the case of the well-being of a child. It usually has the best response when the problems associated with childs well-being, comes from the poor parenting issue or physical abuse at home is noted. In a case like baby Peter if the option of accommodation outside of his home could have been done after the early stage of the abuse, then it could be a different scenario for baby Peter (Furness and Gilligan, 2012). Healthcare persons including a general physicians active support can identify this kind of situation and become effective for the protection (Aguiniga, Madden and Hawley, 2015). A much higher effective communication of social care providers should have the effectiveness. In terms to helping a child, early precautions and measurements are very much fruitful than taking it at a serious and unavoidable stage. 3.3 Potential impact of emerging developments to give required support Health care providers should the plan personalized care for individuals with lengthy conditions with their finest knowledge and expertise.The emerging development compiles all available advanced options taken up by the government as well as the local authority a non-profitable agency in terms of safeguarding the individuals. The granted strategies are easily achievable for the social care providers (Ojo, 2012). Typical plans and modifications on past plans done by local safeguarding children boards are active ways for the children protection (Ritchie, 2012). New regulations in the law defining the process and the requirement of children safeguard gave an elevation in the awareness among the social care providers, and the much more clarity came on their job responsibility of them (Appleton, 2011). Lessons are taken from the past serious case issues by the agencies after review of data (Spilsbury and Korbin, 2013). 4.1 Challenging behaviour and concepts behind it (According to Bournewoods case study) An individual with a challenging behaviour have self-harming, temper outburst, uncooperative and also have the tendency to display own anger on others. Such kind of problems occurs due to unhealthy physical or mental status, physical impairment, alcohol and drugs or for some brain injuries. Challenging behaviour is judged as abusive behaviour that comprises of destructive behaviour with others, physical abuse in form of assault, use of abusive languages like racist comments, threats and bullying, Self-harming mentality or personal safety at danger (Tarr et al. 2013), Illegal or objectionable manner. Challenging behaviour can be influenced by several factors like ill health condition (Zwahlen, 2012), mental disturbance, use of drugs and alcohols, past personal history, sexuality, fatigue and pain as well as Ethnicity, relationship and culture type factors. 4.2 Challenging behaviour and its potential impact on social care services There are several issues among the people undergoing through challenging behaviour like, memory problems are often associated with them. Financial constraints are a big issue for the health and social care industry. This industry need to employee with the particular knowledge over the problems faced by the individuals with specific need. Day by day the number of such kind of individual is rising and stall fall of member is rising and the pressure is mounting. Addiction towards alcohol and drugs for them is very much higher in comparison to a regular individual. Communication with other people is very difficult for them as well as Emotional and financial supports needed for them. A person with such kind of behaviour is very much exposed to abuse due to the violent manner and mental disability (Regmi, 2012). Vulnerability near the abuse gets increased because they very much depend on other people. Such abusive situation gets escalation when need and demand stay at a higher level. In te rm of the senior persons, it is very difficult to take care of the needs and demands. Risk factors are also associated with challenging behaviour. Most common factors comprises of Small amount of support from the caregivers end, isolation on the social front, depression between the caregivers, earlier history over domestic violence, aggression on the verbal and physical front and substance abuse. 4.3 Working strategies in challenging behaviours The code of practices, policies, legislations and the standard operating procedure set the duty of an employee in the instruction of social care worker. These principles are set at a national level. Social care employees should maintain those rules. The codes are important points in the introduction of a structure for social health care in UK (Brocklebank, Bedford and Griffiths, 2013). They have to make sure that understanding of role and responsibility is very much clear to those individual, who are assigned for the social care provider. Assisting the people, who are being considered as vulnerable is a hard task, and social service providers should get exact training to handle those vulnerable subjects. Service users rights must be respected by them and must ensure that their emotion should not get hurt by their behaviour. Some codes are considered by the general council for social care. Individual and respectful treatment should be provided to every patient. People with specific ne eds get extra care as a positive result of the legal partnership legislations. Time by time the social care efforts are becoming comprehensive and clear in the way of services provided to the individuals. This kind of collaboration has helped in various ways like, giving more attraction to mutual trust and attitude, setting standard to the agreed boundaries, steadiness in discovering the new opportunities for services, finding the pools of resources already been agreed, ensuring the valuable leadership, creating the shared principles and importance. Such policies and codes get useful when they have been done in a predefined manner. The activity must be according to the procedures and the policies as the dependence of those vulnerable individuals are on the providers of social care service. A total assessment of behaviour includes mental stability check, medical health check, factors from the side of society and environment. Working strategy should be made with the concern that state s the measurements should prevent the development of challenging behaviour as well as preventing is from getting the condition worse. The government is vigorous looking for new ideas by which they can come up with new policies in future. Reference: Aguiniga, D., Madden, E. and Hawley, A. (2015). Exploratory analysis of child protection mediation permanency placement outcomes. Children and Youth Services Review, 50, pp.20-27. Appleton, J. (2011). Delivering safeguarding children services in primary care: responding to national child protection policy. Prim Health Care Res Dev, 13(01), pp.60-71. Beder, J., Postiglione, P. and Strolin-Goltzman, J. (2012). Social Work in the Veterans Administration Hospital System: Impact of the Work. Social Work in Health Care, 51(8), pp.661-679. Beeby, W. (2014). More effective and proportional systems are needed in primary care to safeguard children. BMJ, 349(oct29 2), g6445-g6445. doi:10.1136/bmj.g6445 Brocklebank, R., Bedford, H. and Griffiths, L. (2013). Social determinants of parent-child interaction in the UK. Child: Care, Health and Development, 40(4), pp.472-480. Coren, E., Thomae, M., Hutchfield, J., and Iredale, W. (2012). Report on the Implementation and Results of an Outcomes-focused Evaluation of Child Sexual Abuse Interventions in the UK. Child Abuse Review, 22(1), 44-59. doi:10.1002/car.2200 Damashek, A., Nelson, M., and Bonner, B. (2013). Fatal child maltreatment: Characteristics of deaths from physical abuse versus neglect. Child Abuse and Neglect, 37(10), 735-744. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.04.014 Fairbrother, H. (2012). The Well-being of Children in the UK. Children and Society, 26(2), 168-169. doi:10.1111/j.1099-0860.2011.00404.x Fox, J. (2011). The view from inside: understanding service user involvement in health and social care education. Disability Society, 26(2), pp.169-177. Furness, S. and Gilligan, P. (2012). Faith-based Organisations and UK Welfare Services: Exploring Some Ongoing Dilemmas. Social Policy Society, 11(04), pp.601-612. Husain, M. (2013). The impact of the Health and Social Care Act 2012 on forensic psychiatry. 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Ac, 2000(32). doi:10.14296/ac.v2000i32.1359 Slettebo, T. (2011). Partnership with Parents of Children in Care: A Study of Collective User Participation in Child Protection Services. British Journal of Social Work, 43(3), pp.579-595. Spilsbury, J., and Korbin, J. (2013). Social Networks and Informal Social Support in Protecting Children from Abuse and Neglect. Child Abuse and Neglect, 37, 8-16. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.10.027 Tarr, J., Whittle, M., Wilson, J., and Hall, L. (2013). Safeguarding Children and Child Protection Education for UK Trainee Teachers in Higher Education. Child Abuse Rev., 22(2), 108-115. doi:10.1002/car.2275 van Bijleveld, G., Dedding, C. and Bunders-Aelen, J. (2013). Children's and young people's participation within child welfare and child protection services: a state-of-the-art review. Child Family Social Work, 20(2), pp.129-138. Werner, S. (2012). Subjective well-being, hope, and needs of individuals with serious mental illness. 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