Integrative Therapy Essay Example for Free

Integrative Therapy Essay I started my first class of counselling today. I was very nervous and excited at the same time. I was nervous because I had not been in formal education for the past ten years and excited because I was going to do something for myself after 3 years of sitting at home and focus on something other than domestic issues. I arrived to my first class late and that made me more apprehensive. Looking around I noticed that there were people from different age and background. I started the class by telling others about myself and listened to them. I felt like I was in a group therapy, in a way it actually was because we were using our listening skills, which I believe is essential part of counselling. As it happened at the end of the task I was less nervous than I was at the beginning. Our next task was to find a partner and talk about ourselves to each other. We talked about our lives and it was up to us how much to tell our partner and to share it with the rest of the group. Again here, our listening skills were tested. This task also acted as ice breaker where the atmosphere of the class become more relaxed as we listened to each individual’s life and their achievements as well as their aspirations. I realised that most of the people who attended the course were there because of their life experiences propelled them to this course and that they felt they have something to give back as counsellor, or that they may learn some counselling skills to help them with their own lives. As for myself, since studying counselling as part of my degree course 10 years ago, I have wanted to become a counsellor. I always was motivated to help others. My only inability is and has been my lack of confidence. This is not because I don’t have the ability to listen and help others, but just that I am not a confident speaker and my communication skills needs to be enhanced and by doing this course I am hoping to overcome both and be prepared for further qualifications in counselling. During the class in groups we also discussed, what we want from rest of the group and what is required of me. There were some points, such as, Respect, Confidentially, Honesty, Being non- judgmental, etc, that we all agreed on. We ended the class by â€Å"checking out†, where we said how we felt and what we learned, like me, the rest of group was also more relaxed and were looking forward to the rest of the course. I see this course as learning route, where by the end of it I have learned some counselling skills, hopefully I will also overcome my own issues, which might have an impact on my role as a helper.

The Short Story Theories Of Ed :: essays research papers

In both of the articles, each author is trying to share his view, or theory on the short story. The view of Edgar Allen Poe is very pessimistic toward the novel and other forms of long fiction, while B.M. Ejxenbaum takes a more analytic approach. Poe writes, 'The novel certainly requires what is denominated a sustained effort—but this is a matter of perseverance, and has but a collateral relation to talent.'; Is the main difference between the authors of short stories and those of novels that the novel writers are just non-talented over-achievers? Indeed, it does take talent to be able to convey a story with little or no build up, character development or falling action, but it also takes talent to do so, and the effort you put into a work, such as a novel, is your talent, and it is directly related through thought and emotional drive. Ejxenbaum uses much less opinion in his explanation of the differing styles of short fiction and those of novels. The novel is based off a history, or of travels, while the short story, which is generally more fundamental in form, is based off folklore and anecdotes. The short story must be written on the basis of a contradiction or contrast, and carries the weight of the story at the ending. The action of a novel falls before the ending, with a falling action following. Poe speaks of unity of effect, and how it is not appreciated or understood by the common mind, but also how it is important to the story for the central effect to gravitate toward the end. This finale must make sense with everything which came before. Ejxenbaum quote Poe several times to give insight into how Poe created his unique and famous effects and moods. Poe was a master at creating effect, in most cases one of mystery and gloom, which drove his poems and short fiction. But he also was a storyteller, and like any good storyteller, he forms plots. And with those plots, he forms his moods and effect. Ejxenbaum sums up this idea with, 'The particular attention paid to the unexpected in the finale and, connected with it, a story structured on the basis of a riddle or and error which holds back the significance of the plot mainspring until the very end.'; The effect cannot exist without the plot, and the plot cannot exist without the effect.

Renewable Energy Needs To Be Implemented Environmental Sciences Essay

The emerging scientific consensus is that we have little more than a decennary to brace planetary temperatures and forestall a rise of more thanA 2 °C ( compared to pre-industrial degrees ) in order to avoid ruinous and irreversible clime alteration ( UNFCCC 2009 ) . Fossil fuel-based energy – such as coal, crude oil and natural gas – is known to be the biggest cause of the clime alteration as it produces nursery gas emanations in the ambiance ( IPCC 2007 ) . Consequently, alternate beginnings of energy power with low C emanations are important to forestall worse effects of clime alteration. Several deductions are frequently attributed to fossil-fuel energy: environment debasement, wellness impacts, political struggles related to energy security, economic dependence for those states whose chief fiscal activity derives from the commercialization of oil or gas and mutuality on foreign energy, supply dazes. All these factors have made policy shapers, in developed and developing states, aware of the demand for a more diversified energy mix ( UNCTAD 2010, p.1 ) . However ; any option will non be free of deductions. All engineerings have impacts. In general, nevertheless, the deductions of the renewable engineerings are much smaller and more local than the normally big and planetary impacts of conventional energy engineerings. Alternative energy engineering refers to any beginning of energy intended to restrict or replace an environmentally harmful signifier of energy ( UNCTAD 2010 ) . These include renewables, such as air current, geothermic, solar, H2O, and biomass. Harmonizing to theA United Nations Conference on Trade and Development ( UNCTAD ) ( 2010, p.5 ) some of these are quickly going conventional beginnings of energy. At present, the low degree of technological development and high costs associated with most of them limit the extent to which they can be integrated into the planetary energy matrix on a important graduated table. However, states such as the United Kingdom and Brazil have proved leaders in the development of of import energy engineerings, accordingly heightening chances by diversifying the state ‘s energy mix with a low C option. This essay will discourse critically the societal, economic and political deductions of a social response to climate alteration based around non-fossil fuel energy engineering utilizing two different instances as illustrations: the air current energy used in the UnitedA Kingdom and sugar cane used in ethyl alcohol and cogeneration production in Brazil. Although the two states have air current and biomass as portion of their energy mix, this essay does non mean to compare both energy engineerings. Alternatively, it will foreground the strengths and failings of each alternate energy. Since the UK must cut down 34 % of its nursery gas emanations by 2020, harmonizing to 1990 degrees ( HM Treasury 2010 ) , the authorities has decided to increase the entire sum of renewable energy used in the UK, lifting from a low base of 2 % today to 15 % by 2020 ( RenewableUK 2010, p.9 ) . To accomplish this, weave energy will play a important function in the energy mix, lending approximatelyA 30GW by 2020 ( Ibid p. 9 ) . The UK is good placed, holding amongst the universe ‘s largest resources of air current, moving ridge and tidal energy. Harmonizing to theA RenewableUK ( 2010 ) there are more than 240 air current farms in the UK, with a sum of over 2,500A turbines, responsible for cut downing the state ‘s C emanations by about 4.5A million metric tons per twelvemonth. Since catching Denmark in 2008 as the universe leader, the UK has more seaward air current energy capacity than any other state ( Ibid, p.19 ) . Although air current power has been seen as an of import non-fossil fuel energy engineering, holding blessing from scientists andA well-known NGOs, there are writers, such as DrA Etherington ( 2009 ) , who argue that â€Å" the drawbacks of air current power far outweigh the advantages. Wind turbines can non bring forth adequate energy to cut down planetary CO2 degrees to a meaningful grade ; what ‘s more, wind power can non bring forth a steady end product, asking back-up coal and gas power workss that significantly negate the economy of nursery gas emanations † He besides mentions that it is being overly financed by consumers who have non been informed that their measures are lessening an industry that can non be cost-effective or, finally, favour the cause it purports to back up. However, similar critics could besides be perceived within general society – and this tendency will be further discussed subsequently. As Cottrell reminds us ( 1955, cited by Humphrey andA Buttel in 1982, p.148 ) , wind power was foremost harnessed with the canvas and was a significant power beginning for many societies. Yet, harmonizing toA Cowie ( 1998 ) , its usage, in theory, is rather simple. The air current turns a turbine that generates electricity ( Ibid p.152 ) without any toxic residue or radioactive waste. However, although the energy is merely generated when the air current blows, in the UK, where it is a countrywide engineering, while air current may drop at some sites, it really seldom stops blowing everyplace at one time, so it does non necessitate to be backed up, megawatt for megawatt. Harmonizing toA Milborrow ( cited by Friends of the Earth et al. , p.2 ) among the other energy options, air current power is the energy engineering with fewer leanings to sudden failure. Another of import point to be considered is that air current power besides generates proportionately more high quality skilled occupations than any other energy sectors. A study produced by Friends of the Earth, Greenpeace, WWF andA RSPB ( 2009, p.3 ) says that there are already 400,000 people working in the wind-energy sector worldwide and this could make one million by the terminal of 2010. The Department of Trade and Industry has estimated that Round Two of offshore air current developments entirely could convey a farther 20,000 occupations for Britain ( cited byA BWEA 2006, p.4 ) . Furthermore, through embedded coevals ( BWEA 2006, p.4 ) , wind energy can cut down the distance over which electricity has to go, intending less electrical losingss in transmittal and distribution, hence ensuing in energy nest eggs. The environing land can besides be used for conventional agribusiness, which is another benefit for the local community. Environmental deductions related to bird migration, air force per unit area on chiropterans or harm to home grounds and wildlife in the country where windmills are built, have frequently been discussed on web logs and cyberspace web sites ( BBC News 2008, SBWT, Country Guardian ) as a concern of the local community. Similarly, noise, landscape pollution, telecasting response intervention and jobs with radio detection and rangings are repeatedly identified ( BWEA 2006, Jones and Eiser 2010 ) by local populations ‘ society as caused by air current farms. Overall, surveies ( Blanco and Rodrigues 2005 ; Friends of the Earth et Al. 2009 ; A UNCTAD 2010 ) have shown that the impacts of air current energy on local communities is positive. This is particularly true in footings of diversifying the economic base, offering higher income to the local population through the rent received by the proprietors of the land where the turbines are located – frequently public land – and a general encouragement to the economic system through the multiplier consequence ( DTI 2005, p.5 ) . As Devine-Wright ( 2007 ) has claimed, air current power has been by far the most socially combative renewable energy engineering to day of the month. The DTI ( 2005, p.30 ) has besides acknowledged that since the early yearss of air current power in the UK, be aftering permission has been cited as a barrier to development. In fact, several research undertakings ( Walsink 2005 ; Devine-Wright 2007 and 2009 ; Jones and Eiser 2010 ) into public perceptual experiences have been taken as a consequence of society ‘s opposition to weave engineerings – and all of them seem to hold similar findings. In drumhead, public attitudes converge between a ‘not in my back yard experiencing ‘ ( NIMBY ) to concern about noise and ocular impact in the landscape ( Ibid ) . Furthermore, A Kolonas ( 2007 ) analysed 35 surveies on public perceptual experiences of air current power in the EU and, harmonizing to his findings, â€Å" there is the deficiency of a holistic and thorough attack, based on a common theoretical model † . He argues that such public attitudes are a consequence of ‘already decided ‘ undertakings being presented to the host community without deliberative planning schemes, which, in his sentiment, opens the door to resistance. Yet, inA Wolsink ‘s ( 2007, p.1192 ) words: â€Å" the fact that a minority does non back up air current power is non surprising because there is barely anything in life that is universally supported. † The 2nd illustration, Brazil, was identified by Cowie ( 1998, p.156 ) , as the state that has benefitted most from biomass transition since its authorities launched the National Alcohol Programme ( ProAlcohol ) in 1975. TheA ProAlcool was created to promote ethanol production from the agitation of sugar cane as a response to surging oil monetary values and a crisis in the international sugar market ( Rothkopf, 2007 ) . During the first twelvemonth of the programme, Brazil produced 600,000A M3 of ethyl alcohol, of which a tierce was dehydrated for gasolene blending, and the balance used in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries ( Cowie, 1998, p.156 ) . The 20 % petrol blend known as gasohol shortly played an of import portion in the Brazilian economic system, so that by 1985 10.5 billion liters were being produced for motor fuel with a farther 2 billion liters for other intents. All together this created 500,000 new occupations in agribusiness every bit good as industry ( Ibid ) . While Brazilian ethyl alcohol produced from sugar cane provides energy that is renewable and less carbon-intensive than oil, American ethyl alcohol is chiefly produced from maize and its production relies on fossil energy. In add-on, the production of ethyl alcohol from maize has far-reaching effects on nutrient security. Harmonizing to theA UNCTAD ( 2010, p.10 ) , it is estimated that a particular public-service corporation vehicle requires 660 lbs of maize or nutrient to make full is its armored combat vehicle, plenty to feed two people in a underdeveloped state for the whole twelvemonth. Thus, subsidies forA biofuel production in developed states have encouraged husbandmans to switch from turning wheat and other grains to bring forth maize, lending to a deficit of nutrient and monetary value deformations on universe nutrient markets ( Pimentel 2009 cited by UNCTAD 2010, p.10 ) . The cardinal point to observe is that despite the sugar and ethyl alcohol produced from the sugar cane, theA bagasse ( byproduct of sugar cane oppressing ) can besides be used as a fuel for cogeneration systems. Harmonizing to the IAEA ( 2006, p.70 ) about all bing sugar cane Millss in Brazil are energy-self-sufficient ( thermic, mechanical and electric ) ; what makes BrazilianA biofuel an of import engineering is the fact that it mitigates climate alteration by cut downing nursery gas emanations non merely from the ethyl alcohol and gasohol use, but besides as an illustration of sustainable production. As Cowie ( 1998, p.156 ) highlighted, the Brazilian experience revealed that the benefits of national or regional biomass transition programmes could include: the aforementioned nursery benefits ; foreign exchange nest eggs on oil imports ; security of energy supply ; increased demand and variegation of agricultural merchandises ; environmental and wellness benefits as ethanol production reduces the CO2 emanations on conveyance sector ; spin-off benefits to equipment makers and providers in forestry, agribusiness and chemical industries ; increased research in biotechnology, microbiology, scientific agriculture, forestry, genetic sciences, technology, metallurgy and chemical science. Conversely, even though the debut of sugar cane into Brazil by the Portuguese was an early deforestation factor, this is no longer the instance. Although outputs have increased over clip, making 70 t/ha by 2001, sugar cane plantations still represent less than 2 % of the agricultural country in the state ( IAEA 2006, p. 114 ) , which besides has a big extension of land available for enlargement of deep-rooted woods and cultivation of energy harvests, with a limited impact on nutrient production ( Ibid, p.5 ) . However, there are several deductions of sugar cane and ethyl alcohol production.A Guarnieri andA Jannuzzi ( 1992 ) identified the followers: a ) increased eroding during and after the crop season ; B ) reduced H2O quality and handiness due to increased overflow ; c ) increased chemical pollution due to fertiliser and pesticide usage ; vitamin D ) debasement of dirt quality/productivity ; e ) reduced biodiversity ; degree Fahrenheit ) air emanations, A stillage and wash-up Waterss ensuing from industrialised intoxicant production ; g ) usage of land for big scale monocultures ; and H ) menaces of blackouts due to plantation-burning patterns impacting electricity transmittal lines. However, emanations straight related to sugarcane production have fallen drastically with the usage of itsA bagasse as a fuel and the research and development on efficient engineerings and pesticides ( IAEA 2006, p.115 ) . Finally, from the societal position, the sugar cane sector is the beginning ofA support for over 45 million husbandmans and their dependants, consisting 7.5 % of the rural population ( IEA 2010, p.143 ) . Compared to oil production, the job-creation per unit of energy is three times higher for hydropower and 150 times higher for ethanol production ( IAEA 2010, p.145 ) . However, the figure of harvest workers was reduced in the past decennary and is likely to cut down even further due to the addition in mechanization[ 1 ]. As a effect, contract workers who used to cut cane manually in the Fieldss have now received preparation and some of them are runing reaping machines. Although this may non be plenty to absorb all old workers, it is expected that over the long term this alteration will convey better working conditions and higher wage ( IEA 2010, p.107 ) . This essay has attempted to discourse the societal, economic and political deductions of a social response to climate alteration based around alternate energy engineerings, utilizing two different instances as illustrations: the air current energy used in the UnitedA Kingdom and sugar cane used in ethyl alcohol and cogeneration production in Brazil. From the first illustration, it emerged that although the air current energy has an of import function to play on the energy mix in the UK, there is still important opposition in society to windmill building across the state. Furthermore, harmonizing to the literature reappraisal, it seems that this place is related to the absence of a planning policy where the populace could hold a more participatory function in taking the sites where air current turbines should be built. With respect to the economic and societal deductions, wind energy represents a valuable engineering for the UK, once it is able to supply fiscal benefits either on the figure of occupations created, or other environing economic activity that may besides be developed. Looking to the Brazilian scenario, on the other manus, it was observed that despite of environmental and societal impacts from the beginning of theA sugar cane factory activities, the state has successfully improvedA substantialA ordinance and engineerings for both ethyl alcohol and sugar production, ensuing in the cogeneration of energy from sugarcaneA bagasse and the recent success of flex-fuel vehicles. Sustainable energy has besides proved an chance for occupation creative activity in the energy sector, and the betterment inA efficiency has meant an addition in productiveness while cut downing energy usage and nursery gas emanations. Surely, both alternate energy engineerings developed in these two states still have several impacts which still have to be managed, such as market stableness, grid entree, accomplishments deficits and authorities policies. However, from parametric quantities of what could be studied in this essay, the advantages of alternate energy engineering far outweigh the disadvantages of the fossil-fuel energy response. As this essay concentrated merely on air current and sugar cane biomass, it would be interesting to set about farther research into the societal, economic and political deductions of other alternate energies or possibly even the deductions of air current and biomass in other states. Wordcount: 2.479

Biography of Olympic Figure Skater Oksana Baiul

Oksana Bauil (born Oksana Serhiyivna Baiul, November 16, 1977) is an Olympic figure skater from Ukraine. Bauil was the first athlete from Ukraine to win Olympic gold in any sport, but her post-career personal troubles put her in the headlines for different reasons. Soviet Childhood Oksana was born in Dnepropetrovsk, a military-industrial city, in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (then part of the Soviet Union). Her parents, Sergei and Marina, divorced when she was only two years old, and Sergei disappeared shortly after, whether of his own choice or due to disapproval from the town after the divorce. Oksana was raised by her mother and her maternal grandparents. At the age of three, Oksana began figure skating lessons, as well as ballet. Ultimately, she preferred skating, and by the age of five, she was training with Stanislav Koritek, a well-respected coach in Ukraine. Her family paid for all her expenses, even as they mounted. However, she suffered several losses close together: her grandparents died in 1987 and 1988, and then, in 1991, her mother Marina died suddenly and unexpectedly from what turned out to be ovarian cancer. Oksana was only thirteen. Coaching Changes and Olympic Success Even after the deaths of all her closest family members, more loss was still to come for Oksana. Her coach Koritek moved to Canada in 1992 to coach there, since there was little to no support for figure skating in Ukraine after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. With Oksanas promising career left dangling, the Ukrainian figure skating federation connected her with another coach, Galina Zmievskaya. Zmievskaya agreed not only to coach Oksana, but to allow her to live with her family in Odessa. Oksanas skating progressed rapidly under Zmievskayas tutelage. In 1993, she took home the silver medal at the European Championships, finishing behind French skater Surya Bonaly. At the World Championships that same year, she suffered an accident during practice that displaced disks in her back and neck and damaged the blades of her skates. She skated through the injury and equipment damage to win the world title at the age of fifteen. The 1993-1994 season would prove to be the peak of Oksanas career. She again won silver at Europeans (behind Bonaly, again) and was sent to the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway, to represent Ukraine. After the short program portion of the competition, she was ranked second behind American Nancy Kerrigan. However, like at the previous World Championships, Oksana suffered an accident during practice before the free skate portion: a collision with German skater Tanja Szewcaenko resulted in a back injury and a cut on her leg requiring stitches. Nevertheless, she skated a strong free skate to overtake Kerrigan for Olympic gold. At the age of 16, she was the second-youngest Olympic skating champion in history at the time. Post-Olympic Struggles Despite her Olympic win, Oksana returned to a financially-struggling life in Ukraine. Even the conditions at the ice rink where she and fellow Ukrainian Olympian Viktor Petrenko practiced had been neglected due to lack of funds. Although she could have continued her amateur competitive career, the conditions and lack of support drove Oksana to turn professional instead. She and Zmievskaya negotiated her contract to tour in the United States. Although it was a more lucrative decision, the touring affected her health in several ways. Despite having knee surgery after the Olympics, she returned to the ice quickly in order to practice for touring shows, which permanently affected her ability to execute difficult jumps in particular. She also developed a drinking habit while on tour, which would haunt her for years, get her dropped from the Champions on Ice tour in 1997, and result in several scandalous headlines. In the mid-1990s, figure skating specials were commonplace on American television, and Oksana starred in two: The Nutcracker On Ice and The Wizard of Oz on Ice, both for CBS. the network also produced a 1994 television movie, A Promise Kept, about her life. After her drinking got her booted from the top-tier touring circuit, she continued to make appearances in skating shows, non-skating television programs, and charity shows. In November 2011, Oksana and her manager, Carlo Farina, found evidence of mismanagement of funds by her agency, William Morris. She successfully recovered $9.5 million. This was not the only lawsuit she engaged in. She also sued NBC for unauthorized use of her image, and accused Zmievskaya, Petrenko, and their manager Joseph Lemire of fraud and of falsely attempting to represent her in Ukrainian court proceedings. Present Day Oksana has mostly retired from public life. She married her manager Farina in 2015, changing her name to Oksana Baiul-Farina, and moving to Las Vegas. Unlike many other skaters of her era, she has not rejoined the skating world as a coach or commentator, instead leaving behind a single moment where she was the undisputed best in the world. Sources: Baiul, Oksana. Oksana: My Own Story. Random House, 1997.Oksana Baiul. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 12 Nov. 2018, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Oksana-Baiul