Weathering and Erosion

Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place, with respect to variables such as temperature, moisture, wind velocity, and barometric pressure. Weather can be classified as day to day temperature and precipitation activity, where climiate is average atmospheric conditions over longer periods of time. Weather occurs from temperature and moisture differences between one place and another. These differences can occur due to the sun angle at any particular spot. The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the jet stream. Weather systems in the mid-latitudes, such as â€Å"extratropical cyclones†, are caused by instabilities of the jet stream flow. Because the Earth's axis is tilted relative to its orbital plane, sunlight is pointed at different angles at different times of the year. On Earth's surface, temperatures usually range from 0-100 degrees farenheit annually. Over thousands of years, changes in Earth's orbit affect the amount and distribution of solar energy received by the Earth and influence long-term climate Surface temperature differences in turn cause pressure differences. Higher altitudes are cooler than lower altitudes due to differences in compressional heating. Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere for a future time and a given location. The atmosphere is a chaotic system, so small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole. Human attempts to control the weather have occurred throughout human history, and there is evidence that human activity such as agriculture and industry has inadvertently modified weather patterns. Studying how the weather works on other planets has been helpful in understanding how weather works on Earth. A famous landmark in the Solar System, Jupiter's Great Red Spot, is an anticyclonic storm known to have existed for at least 300 years. However, weather is not limited to planetary bodies. A star's corona is constantly being lost to space, creating what is essentially a very thin atmosphere throughout the Solar System. The movement of mass ejected from the Sun is known as the solar wind. On Earth, common weather phenomena include wind, cloud, rain, snow, fog and dust storms. Less common events include natural disasters such as tornadoes, hurricanes, typhoons and ice storms. Almost all familiar weather phenomena occur in the troposphere (the lower part of the atmosphere). Weather does occur in the stratosphere and can affect weather lower down in the troposphere, but the exact mechanisms are poorly understood. Weather occurs primarily due to density (temperature and moisture) differences between one place to another. These differences can occur due to the sun angle at any particular spot, which varies by latitude from the tropics. In other words, the farther from the tropics you lie, the lower the sun angle is, which causes those locations to be cooler due to the indirect sunlight The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the jet stream. Weather systems in the mid-latitudes, such as extratropical cyclones, are caused by instabilities of the jet stream flow (see baroclinity). Weather systems in the tropics, such as monsoons or organized thunderstorm systems, are caused by different processes. Because the Earth's axis is tilted relative to its orbital plane, sunlight is incident at different angles at different times of the year. In June the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun, so at any given Northern Hemisphere latitude sunlight falls more directly on that spot than in December (see Effect of sun angle on climate). This effect causes seasons. Over thousands to hundreds of thousands of years, changes in Earth's orbital parameters affect the amount and distribution of solar energy received by the Earth and influence long-term climate. see Milankovitch cycles). Uneven solar heating (the formation of zones of temperature and moisture gradients, or frontogenesis) can also be due to the weather itself in the form of cloudiness and precipitation. Higher altitudes are cooler than lower altitudes, which is explained by the lapse rate. On local scales, temperature differences can occur because different surfaces (such as oceans, forests, ice sheets, or man-made objects) have differing physical characteristics such as reflectivity, roughness, or moisture content. Surface temperature differences in turn cause pressure differences. A hot surface heats the air above it and the air expands, lowering the air pressure and its density. The resulting horizontal pressure gradient accelerates the air from high to low pressure, creating wind, and Earth's rotation then causes curvature of the flow via the Coriolis effect. The simple systems thus formed can then display emergent behaviour to produce more complex systems and thus other weather phenomena. Large scale examples include the Hadley cell while a smaller scale example would be coastal breezes. The atmosphere is a chaotic system, so small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole. This makes it difficult to accurately predict weather more than a few days in advance, though weather forecasters are continually working to extend this limit through the scientific study of weather, meteorology. It is theoretically impossible to make useful day-to-day predictions more than about two weeks ahead, imposing an upper limit to potential for improved prediction skill. Chaos theory says that the slightest variation in the motion of the ground can grow with time. This idea is sometimes called the butterfly effect, from the idea that the motions caused by the flapping wings of a butterfly eventually could produce marked changes in the state of the atmosphere. Because of this sensitivity to small changes, it will never be possible to make perfect forecasts. Weather has played a large and sometimes direct part in human history. Aside from climatic changes that have caused the gradual drift of populations (for example the desertification of the Middle East, and the formation of land bridges during glacial periods), extreme weather events have caused smaller scale population movements and intruded directly in historical events. One such event is the saving of Japan from invasion by the Mongol fleet of Kublai Khan by the Kamikaze winds in 1281. French claims to Florida came to an end in 1565 when a hurricane destroyed the French fleet, allowing Spain to conquer Fort Caroline. More recently, Hurricane Katrina redistributed over one million people from the central Gulf coast elsewhere across the United States, becoming the largest diaspora in the history of the United States. Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere for a future time and a given location. Human beings have attempted to predict the weather informally for millennia, and formally since at least the nineteenth century. Weather forecasts are made by collecting quantitative data about the current state of the atmosphere and using scientific understanding of atmospheric processes to project how the atmosphere will evolve. Once an all-human endeavor based mainly upon changes in barometric pressure, current weather conditions, and sky condition, forecast models are now used to determine future conditions. Human input is still required to pick the best possible forecast model to base the forecast upon, which involves pattern recognition skills, teleconnections, knowledge of model performance, and knowledge of model biases. The chaotic nature of the atmosphere, the massive computational power required to solve the equations that describe the atmosphere, error involved in measuring the initial conditions, and an incomplete understanding of atmospheric processes mean that forecasts become less accurate as the difference in current time and the time for which the forecast is being made (the range of the forecast) increases. The use of ensembles and model consensus helps to narrow the error and pick the most likely outcome. There are a variety of end users to weather forecasts. Weather warnings are important forecasts because they are used to protect life and property. Forecasts based on temperature and precipitation are important to agriculture, and therefore to commodity traders within stock markets. Temperature forecasts are used by utility companies to estimate demand over coming days. On an everyday basis, people use weather forecasts to determine what to wear on a given day. Since outdoor activities are severely curtailed by heavy rain, snow and the wind chill, forecasts can be used to plan activities around these events, and to plan ahead and survive them. Studying how the weather works on other planets has been seen as helpful in understanding how it works on Earth. Weather on other planets follows many of the same physical principles as weather on Earth, but occurs on different scales and in atmospheres having different chemical composition. The Cassini–Huygens mission to Titan discovered clouds formed from methane or ethane which deposit rain composed of liquid methane and other organic compounds. Earth's atmosphere includes six latitudinal circulation zones, three in each hemisphere. In contrast, Jupiter's banded appearance shows many such zones, Titan has a single jet stream near the 50th parallel north latitude, and Venus has a single jet near the equator. Weather events influence biological processes on short time scales. For instance, as the Sun rises above the horizon in the morning, light levels become sufficient for the process of photosynthesis to take place in plant leaves. Later on, during the day, air temperature and humidity may induce the partial or total closure of the stomata, a typical response of many plants to limit the loss of water through transpiration. More generally, the daily evolution of meteorological variables controls the circadian rhythm of plants and animals alike. Living organisms, for their part, can collectively affect weather patterns. The rate of evapotranspiration of forests, or of any large vegetated area for that matter, contributes to the release of water vapor in the atmosphere. This local, relatively fast and continuous process may contribute significantly to the persistence of precipitations in a given area. As another example, the wilting of plants results in definite changes in leaf angle distribution and therefore modifies the rates of reflection, transmission and absorption of solar light in these plants. That, in turn, changes the albedo of the ecosystem as well as the relative importance of the sensible and latent heat fluxes from the surface to the atmosphere. For an example in oceanography, consider the release of dimethyl sulfide by biological activity in sea water and its impact on atmospheric aerosols.

Importance of Performance Appraisal

A major challenge for every business owner or manager is to have employees who are passionate about what they do and constantly strives to perform at their best. Many managers take the integrated approach known as Performance Management, to manage the performance, consisting of setting goals, training employees and then appraising and rewarding them (hrm). It can be explained as a process that consolidates goal setting, performance appraisal and development into single, common system, the aim of which is to ensure that the employee’s performance is supporting the strategic aims. (hrm book 315).. A performance management system would be only effective when the employees in Mambo are clear about their duties and job standards and the organizational goals so that they work with their full potential to meet organizational objectives. Mambo should develop a well planned performance management system as it will provide information on taking decision about the promotion and salary of the new as well as currently employed staff members. Moreover it would provide the senior management (Brett and Simone) to review the employee’s work related behaviour and developing a plan for correcting any deficiencies both for manager and employee as well. During the implementation of the performance management system the organisation has to expressly pay attention to fostering and improving the behavioral factors of performance management, in order to increase the chances of better result by the use of performance management system. A key element of Performance Management System is Performance Appraisal as it identifies, evaluates and develops employee performance to meet employee and organizational goals Brett and Simone have to choose an appraisal method so that actual performance can be measured as to what has been set in the organisation. Selecting one appropriate method from many is not easy as. It is The classification of appraisal methods helps make it more straightforward. If conducted properly appraisals can achieve a number of benefits for all parties. The organization, the manager and the appraisee can: establish current levels of performance and benchmark across departments or functions; identify ways of improving performance, individually and collectively; set clear goals for the future; assess potential and desire for development; establish the appropriate means of motivation; and improve communication throughout. Mambo would be benefited in reviewing the performance of the employees by using the balance scorecard method as it is a measurement –based management system that translates organizational vision and strategy into action. (hrm 321). Under the balanced scorecard system, financial measures are the outcome, but do not give a good indication of what is or will be going on in the organization. Measures of customer satisfaction, growth and retention is the current indicator of company performance, and internal operations(efficiency, speed, reducing non-value added work, minimizing quality problems) and human resource systems and development are leading indicators of company performance(hrm 321) A performance measurement system such as the Balanced Scorecard allows an agency to align its strategic activities to the strategic plan. It permits — often for the first time — real deployment and implementation of the strategy on a continuous basis. ( balance score card, bsc,and performance management, David Chaudron, oct 2000 (www. articles911. com/Performance_Management/Balanced_Scorecard) By this approach Mambo can track and improve its strategic performance and results by developing, measuring, collecting and analyzing the data from both internal business processes and external business processes and can get feedback needed to guide the planning efforts. This meth od not only analyses how the organisation has been doing, but also how well it is doing (â€Å"current indicators†) and can expect to do in the future (â€Å"leading indicators†). It provides a clear picture of reality. As their current strategy is to focus on the global competition they are about to face from the existing players of the market they need to integrate the performance appraisal into an ongoing culture of communication where regular feedback is part of a culture of success. Ultimately, goal of Brett and Simone, when conducting performance appraisals should be to impart a true appraisal of the employee’s performance (including behavior and attitude) from management’s perspective. Employees typically are anxious at the prospect of receiving negative comments on their work, and managers may be uncomfortable offering that criticism. When done correctly, however, appraisals can be positive experiences that motivate staff members to reach their potential and achieve their professional goals. In addition to assessing past performance, appraisal meetings provide an ideal opportunity to look at future objectives. Encourage employees to stret ch their abilities, yet make sure goals are realistic. Performance evaluations allow employer to reinforce expectations and communicate with your staff one-on-one about their career objectives and simultaneously provides an overview to establish the standards of remunerating employees. An increasingly large number of corporations have explored how rewards, particularly money, could be linked to desired behavior and/or performance outcomes to improve effectiveness. This has led to widespread and growing development of pay for-performance plans. â€Å"Pay for performance† refers to any compensation system that links pay and performance. A pay-for-performance system is only as successful as the performance management program on which it depends. There are two categories of pay merit pay and variable pay. The type of performance evaluation most often associated with merit pay plans are appraisals that focus on individual performance and typically use a combination of quantitative and qualitative performance elements thus Brett and Sim one must use the concept of merit pay, which would link the individual performance with the mission of the organization. pay for Performance: Your Performance Management Program Is the Foundation, jay Schust, april 2007 , http://www. work911. com/cgi-bin/links/jump. cgi? ID=773) However attracting, motivating and rewarding employees is about much more than wages and salaries. Mambo should establish a clear line of sight between business strategies and total reward philosophies so that an effective strategy can be formulated for attracting, motivating and retaining employees(hrm 373) Total rewards refer to monetary and non monetary rewards made up of salaries/wages and benefits an employee get for performing a certain job. As the employees with high salary and incentives are less likely to quit the organisation and work with their full potential to reach organizational goal. (hrm 373), thus Brett and Simone should make an effective pay structure for the employees. They should offer bonus on top of the salaries to the employees, if they achieve the desired targets set by the company. This can be done during performance appraisal by balance score card approach as it measures the performance of employees in terms of strategic improvement of the organisation. Title: The effect of performance management on the organizational results of a bank Author(s): Andre A. de Waal, Vincent Coevert Journal: International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management ISSN: 1741-0401 Year: 2007 Volume: 56 Issue: 5/6 Page: 397 – 416 DOI: 10. 1108/17410400710757114 Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited title Performance appraisal across organizational life cycles. Chen, Hai-Ming1 Kuo, Tung-Sheng Human Systems Management; 2004, Vol. 23 Issue 4, p227-233, 7p sorce Time to Reappraise Performance Appraisals. Find More Like This Receivables Report for America's Health Care Financial Managers; Jun2007, Vol. 22 Issue 6, p10-11, 2p By Lauren Stiller Rikleen .( balance score card, bsc,and performance management, David Chaudron, oct 2000 (www. articles911. com/Performance_Management/Balanced_Scorecard Developing Effective Performance Reviews. By Max Messme, business source complete, .( Getting the most from appraisals — from both sides of the desk. Find More Like This Yemm, Graham1 Source: Management Services Management Services, Spring2005, Vol. 49 Issue 1, p36-37, 2p, 2c; )

The Balance of Power during the Cold War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

The Balance of Power during the Cold War - Essay Example Some nations have more power than others do, and this has resulted in armed conflicts throughout history including ones that have involved a large number of states such as World War I and World War II. In itself, the balance of power theory suggests that any rapid change in the international status or power of an independent state or collection of states will result in counterbalancing actions by other states. This occurs most readily when the alliances between different states are easily broken and formed based on what is beneficial to the particular state at the time. The Balance of Power The theory of the balance of power differs substantially between authors and publications and this section will attempt to determine some of the overall themes. Some authors consider that the model is a description of the international systems that are in place currently, others consider that it is a theory of coalitions, while still others consider it a guideline to peace2. In one sense, any inte rnational system is a balance of power relationship at some level. ... Â  y aim to maintain, as well as their position on the international stage, their relationship to other international powers and international trading relationships. States must balance their internal needs with needs of the international environment. Regardless of exact definition, the balance of power remains one of the most central theories of international systems and relations4. One broad definition that can be used for the balance of power is that as the power, or perceived power of one state increases, balancing behavior by other states works to ensure that no state becomes entirely dominant5. One of the first principles of almost any theory on the balance of power is that leaders preferentially increase the resources of their own states, as long as this does not put the survival of their country at risk. Likewise, it is assumed that leaders of states weigh up the immediate and future costs and potential costs of any action before deciding to take it6.Two important notions in the balance of power are resource and system stability. A state needs access to resources in order to function, and the more resources that it has access to the more successful it will be. However, a state must balance its need for resources against the international environment, and as a consequence must sometimes compromise its resources in order to obtain peace internationally.

Patient Teaching plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Patient Teaching plan - Research Paper Example His current blood glucose level is 256mg/dl. Michael is scheduled for discharge tomorrow with a new insulin prescription. Assessment data indicating Learning Need Michael was diagnosed with Type II Diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus) 3 years ago which has been controlled using Glucotrol (oral medication). It has been established that he is grossly inexperienced when it comes to the self-administration of insulin. His nursing diagnosis would therefore be: insufficient knowledge related to unfamiliarity with Insulin and ways in which to self-administer it, as indicated by patient requesting and verbalizing that someone teach him how to take insulin (Ackley & Ladwig, 2010). Objective of client teaching By the end of this teaching, the patient should be able to explain his diabetic medications, as well as describe the correct way of taking those medications. Assessment of the learner Michael is alert and oriented to time, place, person, and event. He is very frank, communicative and willing to share information pertaining to his personal life and health. He says that he never completed high school but received his GED recently. In the short time I shared with him, I saw him reading to his son, which is a sign that he is literate. In addition to this, he is very informed about his medical condition and monitors his blood glucose daily. Owing to his obesity, Michael needs a walker to move around and says that he tires quite easily. His knowledge concerning the self-administration of Insulin is zero but he is highly motivated to learn. This is shown by his verbal request that someone teach him the skill. Specific learning objectives 1. (Cognitive) patient will have the ability to able to state the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia and what to do in each scenario. 2. (Affective) patient will have the ability to be able to state the advantages of maintaining healthy blood glucose levels and the significance of taking insulin in the prescribed manner. 3. (Psy chomotor) patient will demonstrate/show the ability to self-administer Insulin without any assistance/prompts. The teaching session is expected to last around 3 hours. The first hour will involve providing a brief outlook of what diabetes is and how to control it using insulin. I will begin with a basic outline of the pathophysiology of diabetes and the common signs and symptoms. I will then explain to Michael that when controlling his sickness his blood sugar can rise or drop. High blood sugar (hyperglycaemia) is brought about by eating a lot of food, consuming sugary foods, or by not following the prescribed methods of taking insulin. Hyperglycaemia is characterized by frequent urination, fatigue, thirst, dry mouth, blurry vision, and weight loss. If left untreated, it can lead to a coma (Urden, Stacy & Lough, 2006). When you experience hyperglycaemia, take insulin as prescribed and drink water. Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) is caused by taking a lot of insulin, skipping meals or eating little food. Signs of hypoglycemia include confusion, headache, anxiety, dizziness, shaking, faster heartbeat, slow or slurred speech, sweating, and blurred vision. In case of hypoglycemia, drink or eat something that contains fast-acting sugar. Examples include soda, honey, sugar, fruit juice, or candy bars (Aldridge,

Recruitment and Selection Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Recruitment and Selection - Article Example The hiring manager prepares a job posting and newspaper ad for review based on the job description. The manager can advise on other parts of the recruitment and selection process if it is deemed necessary. The Hiring Manager assists the HR in preparation of advertisements, design of the selection process and postings. Employees in an organization can play a role in the recruitment process. If they enjoy their job, the will recommend applicants. It can be facilitated by using an employee referral portal to communicate new positions to the employees. As the word gets around, applications Hiring Manager’s greatest challenge is a shortage of qualified candidates. A small number of candidates apply for advertised positions. The other challenge is the failure of a recruitment panel to use social media or to allow mobile phone system to allow convenient application by candidates. Potential candidates have grown weary emails from networking

Using ICT When Presenting a Research Project Essay

Using ICT When Presenting a Research Project - Essay Example With reference to ICT, its aim while presenting or preparing a research project is given below: ICT endures the capability to transcend time as well as space at anytime and anywhere. Its presence makes it probable to initiate asynchronous learning. Availability of the materials and relevant information becomes possible for 24 hours on a particular day and 7 days in a particular week. Advanced techniques of ICT for instance teleconferencing enables the instructions to be acknowledged concurrently to numerous learners who are disseminated geographically (Mehta & Kasnia, 2011) †¢ With the advent of ICT, it has become easier to have access to the required information related to a research project at any time. Hence, the dependence on the availability of books, materials and physical media such libraries has decreased (Kirkwood & Price, 2005) Application of the techniques used in ICT while researching a project helps in gathering the current and latest information from the online sources. With respect to global market scenario, the effective application of ICT helps in the sustainability within the competitive market scenario (Sustainable Development Solutions Network, 2013) With the advent of emerging features incorporated with ICT, numerous ethical issues are rising within the modern day scenario.... With respect to global market scenario, the effective application of ICT helps in the sustainability within the competitive market scenario (Sustainable Development Solutions Network, 2013) Ethical Considerations Related to the Use of ICT While Presenting a Research Project Along with Outlining Ways of Addressing Them With the advent of emerging features incorporated with ICT, numerous ethical issues are rising within the modern day scenario (Omogbadegun, 2010). ICT is a combination of the information and the communication facets, thus the combination of the two results in convergence, portability and personalisation. With respect to convergence, it reflects the multiple uses of ICT. Portability reflects mobility of the technical devices anywhere such as tablets and smartphones. Information created accordingly with respect to the preferences reflects the terminology personalisation (Tan, 2002). Ethical issues encompass privacy, property, accuracy and accessibility. ICT is pervasive a s it touches every aspect of an individual’s life (Salvi, 2011). Issues related with the use of advanced techniques are termed as technology manipulation. With the advent of modern technologies, there has been a considerable rise in ethical issues as well. Sound, video and photo manipulation has augmented significantly in the modern day scenario. Morphing is the term that is widely used for photo manipulation (Salvi, 2011). Source: (Slide Share, 2013) The above pictorial representation reflects an example of photo manipulation. In order to address such a critical ethical issue, effective measures and technologies must be implemented to reduce the ethical issues related to the ICT. Moreover, there should be a proper blockage with

Monetary Policy Wages, Markets and Income Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Monetary Policy Wages, Markets and Income - Essay Example As asserted by Woodruff, the real interest rate is defined as the interest rate minus the rate of inflation in the economy. Viewing it in another way, interest rate, specifically the nominal interest rate, is the real interest rate plus the inflation. The nominal interest rate is what is actually applied to my mortgage or loan application. With this, it becomes evident that an increase in inflation brings about an increase in interest rate. As such, should I perceive that inflation is relatively during a particular period, then I may defer my decision to apply for a loan or mortgage until inflation has been curbed as expected by economic agencies. This would generally lessen my cost of borrowing given the resulting lower interest rate. Relative to inflation, Woodruff also noted that leading inflation indicators should be watched. These key reports include those on unemployment rate, employment cost index (ECI), GDP, consumer price index (CPI) and producer price index (PPI). The employment reports of the Department of Labor are deemed as the "harbinger of inflation." This is because of the perceived inverse relation between inflation and unemployment rate, meaning with a lower unemployment rate-an uptick in inflation is expected.

Letrery anaylesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Letrery anaylesis - Essay Example As the author, John Updike sets the story in an ordinary environment, where people have become accustomed to the monotony of everyday life. Sammy and the other attendants are used to serving grumpy customers, for example that woman who is at the counter when the three girls come in. Sammy describes her as â€Å"†¦one of those cash-register-watchers, a witch about fifty with rouge on her cheekbones and no eyebrows†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Updike 31). This kind of setting makes the girls stand out from the rest of the crowd, thus making Sammy mesmerized (Updike 32). The characters in the story are also well presented to fit their roles. For instance, Sammy is portrayed as a light-hearted teenager who is naturally attracted to the sight of the half-clothed girls. Sammy’s colleague Stokesie is portrayed as a young man who is forced to be responsible due to the fact he is married and has two kids. The most interesting character is Queenie who is the leader of the girls and is the epitome of beauty in a woman. Her beauty and the way she carries herself is enough to cause Sammy to quit his job in protest after Lengel embarrasses the girls because of their dressing. Updike uses a lot of imagery to add flavor to the story. For example, the herring snacks and beer glasses are used to show how rich the girls are, to be able to afford all those items. Updike also uses imagery to give the reader a clear picture of how the old people are stubborn. For example, Sammy talks about the old witch whose feathers he has to smooth. On the contrary, Queenie symbolizes beauty, and all that a woman should have (Updike

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technique - Essay Example The essay "Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technique" talks about an advanced imaging technique used in the field of medicine under radiology particularly how it works. All bodies expose themselves to water molecules. The water molecule has two protons and hydrogen nuclei. When one is using a powerful magnetic field of a scanner, the overall magnetic moment of different protons aligns themselves in the direction of the field. Turning on of the radio frequency transmitter follows, thus, producing different electromagnetic fields. The electromagnetic field has the appropriate frequency termed as resonance frequency; the protons in the magnetic field absorb and flip the spin. After a while, when the electromagnetic field is in off status, the protons’ spins get to thermal dynamic equilibrium. The bulk magnetizations get aligned by the static field. As a result, this relaxation, radio frequency signals arise; these can be measured using receiver coils. Additional magnetic fields can facilitate learning about the information regarding the origin of the 3D space during the scan. Fields generated by passing electrical current via gradient coils results to varying magnetic fields in reference to the position of the magnet. This also alters the frequency of the signal, as it depends on the origin of the signal. Mathematically, the distribution of the signal can also be recovered from the body; however, this uses the inverse frontier transformation. After the relaxation rates, protons in various tissues return to the equilibrium.